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    Bibliography                        (Note:  Associated taxonomic groups appear in parenthesis)

 

<A words> 

Abalone (Gastropoda)

Abdomen (Insecta)

Absorptive surface (Cephalopoda)

Acanthocephala

Acarina (Arachnida)

Acetabulum

Acoela

Aconoidasida

Acorn worms (Hemichordata)

Adhesive papillae (Tunicata)

Aestivation (Gastropoda)

African Sleeping Sickness

Albumen gland (Gastropoda)

Alcyonaria

Alternation of Generations (Hydrozoa)

Amblypygi (Chelicerata)

Ambulacral System

amebocyte (Porifera)

Amebocytes (Echinodermata)

Ametabolous (Insecta)

Amoeba proteus

Amoeboid Movement

Amotorium (Euciliata)

amphiblastula (Porifera)

Amphineura

Amphipoda (Malacostraca)

Ampullae (Echinodermata)

Amylase (Pelecypoda)

Ancylostomum

Animalia

Annelida

Annuli (Annelida)

Annulus ventralis (Crustacea)

Anodonta (Pelecypoda)

Anomura (Malacostraca)

Anopla (Nemertinea)

Anoplura (Insecta)

Antennary artery (Crustacea)

Anthozoa

Anus (Euciliata)

Aortic loops (Annelida)

Apicomplexa (Sporozoa)

Aplacophora

Apopyles (Porifera)

Arachianelida (Haplodrili)

Arachnida

Araneae

Archenteron (Scyphozoa)

Archaeognatha

Aristotle's Lantern

Arthropoda

Ascaris lumbricoides

Asplanchna spp.

Asterias

Asteriodea

Atrial siphon (Tunicata)

Aurelia aurita

Auricles (planaria)

Auricularia larva (Holothuroidea)

Avicularium (Bryozoa)

 

<B words>

Backward locomotion (Crustacea)

Balanoglossus (Enteropneusta)

Balantidium coli

Ball and socket joints (Echinodermata)

Basal bodies (Phytomastigina)

Basket stars (Echinodermata)

Beak (Cephalopoda)

Bearing live young (Onychophora)

Beef tapeworm

Behavior, Ontogeny & Reproduction

Bilateral symmetry (Platyhelminthes)

Bilaterism (Anthozoa)

Biological Control Evaluation

Biological Control Techniques

Biological Control

Bipinnaria (Echinodermata)

Bivalves (Pelecypoda)

Black mussel (Pelecypoda)

Bladder (Rotifera)

Bladders (Annelida)

Blind spot absent (Cephalopoda)

Book lungs (Araneae)

Book scorpions (Arachnida)

Botryoidal tissue (Annelida)

Brachiopoda

Branchiae (Echinodermata)

Branchial hearts (Cephalopoda)

Branchiobdellida (Annelida)

Branchiopoda

Brachyura (Malacostraca)

Brine shrimp

Brittle stars

Brood pouch (Pelecypoda)

Bryozoa

Buccal mass (Gastropoda)

Bursa (Acanthocephala)

Byssus threads (Pelecypoda)

 

<C words>

Calcarea

Calciferous glands (Annelida)

Calyx (Crinoidea)

Capillaries (Annelida)

Capillaries (Cephalopoda)

Captacula (Scaphopoda)

Carapace (Crustacea)

Cardiac stomach (Crustacea)

Cardiac stomach (Echinodermata)

Cartilaginous skeleton (Cephalopoda)

Cell Constancy (Acanthocephala)

Cellulose armor (Phytomastigina)

Cellulose digestion (Pelecypoda)

Cement glands

Centipedes

Cephalocarida 

Cephalochordata (Chordata)

Cephalopoda

Cephalothorax (Arachnida)

Cephalothorax (Crustacea)

Cercaria

Cerebral ganglia (Pelecypoda)

Cerebral ganglion (planaria)

Cestoda

Chagas disease (Insecta)

Chelicerae (Arachnida)

Chelicerata

Chelipeds (Crustacea)

Chilopoda

Chitinous exoskeleton (Arthropoda)

Chitons (Amphineura)

Chloragogue tissue (Annelida)

Chlorocruorin (Annelida)

Choanocytes

Chordata

Chromalveolata

Ciliata

Ciliated Crowns (Bryozoa)

Ciliates

Ciliophora

Circular muscles

Circulation (Amoeba)

Circumpharyngeal connectives (Annelida)

Cirri (Ciliata)

Cirripedia (Crustacea)

Cirrus (Trematoda)

Cirrus sac (Trematoda)

Cladocera

Clams

Clams (Pelecypoda)

Invertebrate Classification

Claw Bearers (Onychophora)

Clitellata

Clitellum (Annelida)

Cloaca (Rotifera)

Clonorchia

Cnidaria

Cnidaria (Review)

Coccidiosis

Cocoon (Annelida)

Coelenteron

Coleoptera (Insecta)

Colllembola

Colloblasts (Ctenophora)

Collophore (Collembola)

Columellar muscle (Gastropoda)

Combs (Cnidaria)

Commensals / Symbionts (Scyphozoa)

Common genital pore (Gastropoda)

Complete metamorphosis (Insecta)

Compound eyes (Crustacea)

Conjugation (Paramecium)

Conoidasida

Contractile vacuole (Rhizopoda)

Copepoda

Copulation (Gastropoda)

Corals

Corona (Echinodermata)

Corona (Rotifera)

Coxal glands (Araneae)

Crawling cilia (Ciliata)

Crinoidea

Crop (Annelida)

Crustacea

Crustacea (Arthropoda)

Crystalline layer (Pelecypoda)

Ctene (Ctenophora)

Ctenophora

Cucumaria (Holothuroidea)

Cumacea (Malacostraca)

Cuttle fish

Cuttlebone (Cephalopoda)

Cuvierian organs (Holothuroidea)

Cyclops intermediate host

Cyclosis

Cysticercus (Platyhelminthes)

Cytoplasm (Rhizopoda)

<D words>

Daddy Long Legs (Phalangida)

Daphnia spp.

Decapoda (Malacostraca)

Degenerative metamorphosis (Tunicata)

Dermaptera (Insecta)

Demospongia

Dermis (Echinodermta)

Detailed Cases of Biocontrol

Deutocerebrum (Insecta)

Digenea

Diphyllobactrium latum

Diplopoda

Diplura

Diptera (Insecta)

Directives

Dorsal abdominal artery (Crustacea)

Dorsal aorta (Araneae)

Dorsal blood vessel (Annelida)

Dorsal brain (Insecta)

Dracunculus

Drosophila (Insecta)

 

<E words>

Earthworms

Earthworms

East Coast squid (Cephalopoda)

Echinococcus granulosis

Echinodermata

Ecological Considerations

Ectolecithal eggs

Ectoprocta (Bryozoa)

Elephantiasis

Elk-horn Coral

Embioptera (Insecta)

Endoprocta (Bryozoa)

Endostyle (Chordata)

Enopla (Nemertinea)

Enteropneusta (Hemichordata)

Entognatha (Hexapoda)

Entomology

Ephemeroptera (Insecta)

Ephyra (Scyphozoa)

Epithelio-muscular cells

Euciliata

Euglena sp.

Eumetazoa

Eversible pharynx (Annelida)

Evisceration (Holothuroidea)

Exconjugants (Paramecium)

Excretion (Amoeba)

Excretory canals (Cestoda)

Excretory ducts (Rotifera)

Excurrent siphon (Pelecypoda)

Eye spots (planaria)

Eyes (Cephalopoda)

Eyespot (Scyphozoa)

 

<F words>

Fairy shrimp

False cloaca (Porifera)

Feniculus (Bryozoa)

Fiery Serpent (Nematoda)

Filariasis

First Animals (Protista/Protozoa)

First males (Pelecypoda)

Fish tapeworm

Flagellata

Flame cells, #2 (Platyhelminthes)

Flatworms

Floating ovaries (Acanthocephala)

Flower animals

Food pump (Trematoda)

Foot (Mollusca)

Freshwater clams (Pelecypoda)

Frog flagella (Mastigophora)

Funnel (Cephalopoda)

Furcula (Collembola)

 

--------------------

<G words>

Gastric filaments (Anthozoa)

Gastric glands (Rotifera)

Gastric mill (Crustacea)

Gastric shield (Pelecypoda)

Gastrodermis (Hydrozoa)

Gastropoda

Gastrotricha

Gastrovascular cavity (Cnidaria)

gemmules (Porifera)

Genital plate (Echinodermata)

Germarium (Rotifera)

Giardia

Gill bailer (Crustacea)

Gill feet (Branchiopoda)

Gizzard (Annelida)

Glochidium (Pelecypoda)

Gonads (Hydrozoa)

Gordiacea

Gordian worms

Gordius robustus

Gradual metamorphosis (Insecta)

Gravid proglottid (Platyhelminthes)

Green glands (Crustacea)

Gregarines

Guiana worm

 

<H words>

Haemal system (Holothuroidea)

Haemocoel (Arthropoda)

Haemoglobin (Annelida)

Haemoglobin (Nemertinea)

Hairybacks

Halteres (Insecta)

Harvestmen (Arachnida)
Hemichordata

Hatchet Foot (Pelecypoda)

Head (Insecta)

Head Foot (Cephalopoda)

Heart (Annelida)

Helix pomatia

Hemimetabolous (Insecta)

Hemiptera (Insecta)

Hepatic artery (Crustacea)

Hermaphroditic duct (Gastropoda)

Heteronomous metamerism (Arthropoda)

Heteroptera (Hemiptera/Homoptera)

Hexacanth embryo (Platyhelminthes)

Hexactinellida

Hexapoda

Hibernation (Gastropoda)

Hinge Teeth (Pelecypoda)

Hirudinia (Annelida)

Hollow dorsal nerve cord (Chordata)

Hollow neural tube (Hemichordata)

Holometabolous (Insecta)

Holophytic (Mastigophora)

Holothuroidea

Homarus americanus

Homomous metamerism

Homoptera (Insecta)

Horsehair worms

Horseshoe crab (Arachnida)

Horseshoe worms

Human tapeworm

Hydatina spp.

Hydrozoa

Hymenoptera (Insecta)

Hypodermic impregnation (Onychophora)

Hypodermic Impregnation (Rotifera)

Hypostome (Acarina)

 

<I words>

Incomplete metamorphosis (Insecta)

Ingestion & Digestion of Food (Amoeba)

Ink gland (Cephalopoda)

Iodoform odor (Enteropneusta)

Insect Identification

Insect Morphology

Insect Morphology

Insect Pollination

Insect Populations

Insect Taxonomy

Insecta (Overview)

Insecta (Detailed)

Insects

Introduction

Introvert (Bryozoa)

Invertebrate Classification

Invertebrate Zoology

Inverted scolex (Platyhelminthes)

Isopoda (Malacostraca)

Isoptera (Insecta)

 

<J words>

Jelly fish

Jet propulsion (Cephalopoda)

Jointed appendages (Arthropoda)

 

<K words>

Kidneys (Pelecypoda)

Kissing bug (Insecta)

 

<L words>

Labial palps (Pelecypoda)

Labium (Insecta)

Labrum (Insecta)

Lacunar system

Ladder commissures (Platyhelminthes)

Lasso cells (Ctenophora)

Leche-de-mer (Holothuroidea)

Leishmania

Lemnisci (Acanthocephala)

Lepidoptera (Insecta)

Leptostraca (Malacostraca)

Leucocytes (Echinodermata)

Liver (Gastropoda)

Loligo sp. (Cephalopoda)

Longitudinal muscles (Platyhelminthes)

Lophophore (Bryozoa)

Lucerne flea

Lumbricus terrestris

Lung (Gastropoda)

 

<M words>

Macracanthorhynchus spp.

Macronucleus (Euciliata)

Macrura (Malacostraca)

Madreporite (Echinodermata)

Mahlis gland (Platyhelminthes)

Malacostraca

Malaria

Mallophaga (Insecta)

Malpighian tubules (Chilopoda)

Malpighian tubules (Insecta)

Manca stage (Malacostraca)

Mandibles (Crustacea)

Mantis shrimp (Malacostraca)

Mantle (Brachiopoda)

Mantle (Mollusca)

Marine clams (Pelecypoda)

Mastax (Rotifera)

Mastigophora (Flagellata)

Maxillae (Crustacea)

Maxillipedes (Chilopoda)

Maxillipeds (Crustacea)

Maxillopoda 

Mecoptera (Insecta)

Medusoid Body Form

Merostomata (Chelicerata)

Mesenchyme (Platyhelminthes)

Mesenteries (Anthozoa)

Mesentery filament

Mesoglea (Anthozoa)

Mesothorax (Insecta)

Metacercaria (Platyhelminthes)

Metallic element copper (Cephalopoda)

Metamorphosis (Insecta)

Metathorax (Insecta)

Metazoa

Metridium spp.

Microcoryphia

Micronucleus (Euciliata)

Miracidium (Platyhelminthes)

Mites (Arachnida)

Mollusca

Molting (Arthropoda)

Monocondylia

Monogenea (Platyhelminthes)

Monoplacophora

Moss Animals (Bryozoa)

Mother of Pearl (Pelecypoda)

Mountain shrimps (Malacostraca)

Mucous feeding (Crinoidea)

Mucous glands (Gastropoda)

Muller's Larva (Platyhelminthes)

Muscle cell (Hydrozoa)

Mussels (Pelecypoda)

Myonemes (Ciliata)

Myriopoda

Mysidacea (Malacostraca)

Mysis larvae (Crustacea)

Myzostomida (Annelida)

 

<N words>

Nacreous layer (Pelecypoda)

Naiads (Insecta)

Naupilus larva (Crustacea)

Nautilus

Neanthes (Annelida)

Necator

Nemathelminthes

Nematocysts

Nematoda

Nematodes

Nematomorpha

Nemertinea

Nephridia (advanced)

Nephridia (Brachiopoda)

Nephridiopores (Cephalopoda)

Nephrostome (Annelida)

Nereis (Annelida)

Nerve cells (Hydrozoa)

Nervous System (Hydrozoa)

Neuroptera (Insecta)

Nidamental glands (Cephalopoda)

No metamorphosis (Insecta)

Nosema

Notochord (Chordata)

Nuda (Ctenophora)

Nymphs (Insecta)

 

<O words>

Obelia spp.

Obligate symbiosis (Insecta)

Ocelli (Insecta)

Octopus

Odonata (Insecta)

Odontophore (Gastropoda)

Olfactory pits (Scyphozoa)

Oligochaeta

Ommatidia (Crustacea)

Ommatidia (Insecta)

Onychophora

Open circulatory system (Pelecypoda)

Ophiuroidea

Opiliones

Opisthobranchia

Opthalmic artery (Crustacea)

Oral Groove (Paramecium)

Oral lobes (Scyphozoa)

Oral siphon (Tunicata)

Oral tentacles (Echinodermata)

Oriental Fluke disease

Oriental Sore

Orthoptera (Insecta)

Osculum (Porifera)

Osphradium (Pelecypoda)

Ossicles (Echinodermata)

Ostia (Crustacea)

Ovarioles (Insecta)

Ostracoda 

Overview of Biological Control

Oviducal gland (Cephalopoda)

Ovotestis (Gastropoda)

Oysters

 

<P words>

Pallial line (Pelecypoda)

Pallial sinus (Pelecypoda)

Palolo

Pancreas glands (Cephalopoda)

Pandorina spp.

Paramecium spp.

Paramylum bodies

Parapodia (Annelida)

Parazoa

Pareiopods (Crustacea)

Parenchyma (Platyhelminthes)

Paurometabolous (Insecta)

Pecten sp.

Pedal ganglia (Pelecypoda)

Pedal glands (Rotifera)

Pedal laceration (Anthozoa)

Pedicellariae (Echinodermata)

Pedipalpia (Arachnida)

Pedipalps (Arachnida)

Peduncle (Brachiopoda)

Pelecypoda

Pellicle (Mastigophora)

Pen (Cephalopoda)

Peneal spicules (Nematoda)

Penis (Gastropoda)

Penis (Cephalopoda)

Percolation system (Pelecypoda)

Pericardial cavity (Pelecypoda)

Periostracum (Pelecypoda)

Periproct (Echinodermata)

Peristaltic contractions (Annelida)

Peristomium

Perivisceral coelom (Scaphopoda)

 

(P words, continued)

Per-radii (Hydrozoa)

Phalangida (Arachnida)

Pharyngeal collar (Holothuroidea)

Pharyngeal slits (Chordata)

Phoronidea

Phyllopharyngea

Phyllopoda

Phytomastigina

Pit structures (Nemertinea)

Placenta (Onychophora)

Planaria reproduction

Plankton (Protista)

Planula larva (Scyphozoa)

Plasmagel (Rhizopoda)

Plasmasol (Rhizopoda)

Plasmodium vivax

Platyhelminthes

Plecoptera (Insecta)

Pleopods (Crustacea)

Pleural ganglia (Gastropoda)

Pluteus Larva (Echinodermata)

Pneumatopore (Gastropoda)

Pneumonoeces spp

Poison duct (Arachnida)

Poison glands (Chilopoda)

Pole vaulting (Echinodermata)

Polian vesicle (Holothuroidea)

Polychaeta

Polycladida

Polymorphism (Hydrozoa)

Post-anal appendage (Chordata)

Post conjugation (Paramecium)

Posterior aorta (Araneae)

Primary mesenteries

Principal Insect Natural Enemy Groups

Prismatic layer (Pelecypoda)

Proglottids (Platyhelminthes)

Projected penis (Rotifera)

Prolegs (Insecta)

Prosobrachia

Prosopyles (Porifera)

Prostomium

Protandry (Pelecypoda)

Prothorax (Insecta)

Protista

Protocerebrum (Insecta)

Protociliata (Ciliata)

Protomonadina

Protospis larva

Protozoa

Protura

Pseudocoelom (Acanthocephala)

Pseudocompound eyes (Chilopoda)

Pseudoscorpionida (Arachnida)

Psocoptera (Insecta)

Phthiraptera (= Anoplura)

Pulmonata

Pycnogonida (Arachnida)

Pygidium (Trilobita)

Pyloric stomach (Echinodermata)

Pyrenoid bodies (Mastigophora)

 

<Q words>

Quaternary mesenteries (Anthozoa)

 

<R words>

Radial symmetry (Echinodermata)

Radula (Gastropoda)

Raptorial subchela (Malacostraca)

Rectal caecum (Araneae)

Rectal caecum (Echinodermata)

Red Tide

Redia (Platyhelminthes)

Remipedia (Arthropoda)

Reproduction (Amoeba)

Respiration (Amoeba)

Respiratory tree Holothuroidea)

Retractor muscle (Gastropoda)

Reversible heart (Tunicata)

Rhabdites (Platyhelminthes)

Rhabdocoela (Platyhelminthes)

Rhizoflagellata

Rhizopoda

Ring canal (Echinodermata)

Ringed worms

Rossett cells (Nematoda)

Rostrum (Crustacea)

Rotifera

Roundworms

Royal Purple (Gastropoda)

 

<S words>

Salivary glands (Cephalopoda)

Sand dollars

Sarcomastigophora

Scallops (Pelecypoda)

Scaphopoda

Schistosoma

Scolex (Platyhelminthes)

Scorpiones (Arachnida)

Scorpionida (Arachnida)

Scorpions (Arachnida)

Scypha spp.

Scyphistoma

Scyphozoa

Sea anemones

Sea cucumbers

Sea fans

Sea gooseberries

Sea lilies

Sea pansies

Sea pens

Sea spiders (Arachnida)

Sea squirts (Tunicata)

Sea urchins

Sea walnuts

Sea whips

Secondary segmentation (Annelida)

Self fertilization (Gastropoda)

Seminal receptacle (Gastropoda)

Seminal vesicle (Platyhelminthes)

Sense cells (Nemertinea)

Sense Organs (Hydrozoa)

Sensitivity & Conduction (Amoeba)

Sensory cells (Hydrozoa)

Sepia dye (Cephalopoda)

Sepia sp. (Cephalopoda)

Sexes alternate (Pelecypoda)

Shell (Mollusca)

Shell gland (Platyhelminthes)

Shipworms (Pelecypoda)

Silk glands (Araneae)

Siphon (Echinodermata)

Siphonaptera (Insecta)

Siphonoglyph (Scyphozoa)

Siphonophora (Portuguese Man-of-War)

Slugs

Snails

Snails

Soft-bodied (Mollusca)

Special Arthropod Research Groups

Spermatophore (Cephalopoda)

Spermatophoric gland (Cephalopoda)

Spermatophoric sac (Cephalopoda)

Sperm guide (Crustacea)

spicules (Porifera)

Spiders

Spiracles (Insecta)

Sponges

spongin (Porifera)

Sporocyst

Sporozoa

Springtails

Squids

Starfish

Starshaped starfish

Statocyst (Scyphozoa)

Statocysts (Crustacea)

Statocysts (Hydrozoa)

Statoliths (sand grains) (Crustacea)

Sternal artery (Crustacea)

Stomach Foot (Gastropoda)

Stomatopoda (Malacostraca)

Stomochord (Hemichordata)

Stomodaeum (Anthozoa)

Stone canal Echinodermata)

Stone lilies

Stony corals

Strepsiptera (Insecta)

Stridulating apparatus (Insecta)

Strobila Stage (Scyphozoa)

Subgenital pit (Scyphozoa)

Suckers (Annelida)

Sucking stomach (Araneae)

Suctoria

Suctorial tentacles (Suctoria)

Support & Protection (Amoeba)

Suprabranchial chamber (Pelecypoda)

Suspensory ligaments (Acanthocephala)

Swimmers Itch

Swimming clams (Pelecypoda)

Syncarida (Malacostraca)

Syncytium (Acanthocephala)

 

<T words>

Tadpole (Tunicata)

Tadpole shrimp (Crustacea)

Taenia saginata

Taenia solium (pork tapeworm)

Tail (Chordata)

Tenaculum (Collembola)

Tentaculata

Tentaculocysts

Terataspis sp.

Teredo sp.

Termite digestion (symbionts)

Tertiary mesenteries

Test (Echinodermata)

Texas Cattle Fever

Thorax (Insecta)

Thysanura (Insecta)

Ticks (Arachnida)

Tiedemann's Bodies (Echinodermata)

Tornaria larva (Enteropneusta)

Torsion (Gastropoda)

Tracheae (Onychophora)

Transient gonads

Transverse canals (Echinodermata)

Trematoda

Trematoda (Economic Importance)

Trematoda (Life Cycle evolution)

Trematoda modifications for parasitism

Trichinella spinale

Trichinosis

Trichocysts (Euciliata)

Trichomonas

Tricladida

Trilobita

Trilobitomorpha

Tripang (Holothuroidea)

Tritocerebrum (Insecta)

Trochal disc (Rotifera)

Trochophore larva (Pelecypoda)

True bugs (Insecta)

True Coelom (Bryozoa)

Trypanosoma

Tube feet (Echinodermata)

Tunic (Tunicata)

Tunicata (Chordata)

Tunicates (Tunicata)

Turbellaria

Turbellaria (review)

Two-segmented worms

Typhlosole (Annelida)

 

<U words>

Undulating membrane (Paramecium)

Unicellular microbes

Urogenital system (Acanthocephala)

Uterine bell (Acanthocephala)

Uterus (Rotifera)

 

<V words>

Vagina (Gastropoda)

Vanadium (Tunicata)

Vanus sp.

Vas deferens (Gastropoda)

Veliger larva (Pelecypoda)

Velvet worms

Vena cava (Pelecypoda)

Ventral abdominal artery (Crustacea)

Ventral blood vessel (Annelida)

Ventral thoracic artery (Crustacea)

Vineyard snail (Gastropoda)

Visceral ganglia (Gastropoda)

Visceral ganglia (Pelecypoda)

Vitellaria (planaria)

Vitellarium (Rotifera)

Volvox spp.

 

<W words>

Walking legs (Crustacea)

Walking legs (Insecta)

Water molds

Water tester (Pelecypoda)

Wheel Animacules (Rotifera)

Whip scorpions (Arachnida)

Wuchereria

 

<X words>

Xiphosura (Arachnida)

 

<Y words>

Yolk glands (planaria)

 

<Z words>

Zooantharia (Scyphozoa)

Zoomastigina

Zoraptera (Insecta)

-------------------------------------------

Invertebrate Classification

Plates          Bibliography     Citations

Sample Examinations